Medical

Bile duct cancer is a rare but highly malignant tumour that occurs in the human bile duct system and has long had a poor prognosis. Now, researchers at University College London and University College London Hospitals, in an international multi-centre trial, have identified potentially good treatments that may radically improve the lives of some patients with bile duct cancer.

In the last decade, the introduction of several immune checkpoint inhibitors such as CTLA-4/PD-1/PD-L1 and other immune drugs such as Keytruda and Opdivo have marked a major advance in cancer treatment by "liberating" immune T cells and giving them back their ability to attack cancer cells. However, previous data shows that only 10-30% of patients have a good outcome with these immunotherapies

Pancreatic cancer is known to be a highly fatal and incurable type of cancer known as the "king of cancers". Currently, the only possible cure for pancreatic cancer is the complete surgical removal of the tumour tissue. Once the cancer has spread beyond the pancreatic organ, the patient's treatment options are very limited.

Many patients with diabetes are painless when their blood sugar is high, and retinopathy is also silent and imperceptible. Therefore, the majority of diabetes patients should be reminded that after the diagnosis of diabetes, they must regularly screen the sugar network, and early diagnosis and treatment is the key. Early detection, early treatment and regular reexamination can avoid more than 90% of severe visual impairment.

As medicine continues to advance, there are many good drugs and options to fight cancer. Just recently, a study showed that the NALIRIFOX regimen significantly improved the overall survival of patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had not received previous treatment.

Results from a pivotal phase 3 trial show that the PD-1 therapy Keytruda, in combination with chemotherapy, significantly improves survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer and has a favorable safety profile. Patients benefited regardless of their PD-L1 expression.

According to data from cohort 17 of the phase 1b COSMIC-021 trial (NCT03170960), the combination therapy of cabozantinib and atelizumab, at a mean follow-up of 25.9 months, 17% of the 30 patients in cohort 17 had significant tumour shrinkage or disappearance, giving an overall disease control rate of 60% when those with stable lesions were added. 5 patients with tumours in remission All of the patients whose tumours had shrunk by at least 30%.

For patients undergoing surgery for ovarian and endometrial cancer, pain and anxiety are often experienced. Recently, a new study has shown that acupressure before surgery may help reduce anxiety and that acupuncture during surgery may reduce severe pain. The study was published online in Cancer, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society.

The FDA has recently granted orphan drug designation to Ezurpimtrostat, a PPT-1 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Dry eye after excimer surgery is a common problem. The main reason for the occurrence of dry eye after surgery is that during excimer surgery, the production of corneal flap and the cutting of matrix cut off the sensory nerve of part of the cornea, reducing the sensory and neurotrophic functions of the cornea, leading to the reduction of reflective tear secretion and the number of blinks, which leads to the reduction of the amount of tear secretion and the stability of the tear film. The study found that the corneal nerve after surgery can be restored to the preoperative level after 6-9 months of regeneration and repair. Therefore, dry eye may be obvious at the early stage after surgery, but it will gradually reduce with corneal repair until it returns to normal.